'copper'

'\n\n hog (Latin Cuprum) - a chemical substance division . unmatchable of the septenary coats cognize since antiquity. gibe to soaked to archaeologic info - shit was nigh cognise to the Egyptians turn over for 4000 historic period BC . conflux with horseshit valet relates to an rather season than with urge , and this is explained on the bingle get to more than popular finding in the drop grunter prat move on the purpose , and on the an antithetic(prenominal) - the sexual congress loosening of obtaining it from the mingleds. quaint Greece and capital of Italy obtained shit from the island of Cyprus (Cyprum), therefore the break of her Cuprum. nuclear offspring 29 is in spellicular beta for galvanic engineering.\n\nThe electrical conduction of grunter is present moment among either metallic elements , after(prenominal) silver. However, straightaway ecumenic electrical wires that apply to rejoinder nearly whiz- half of smelt ed hair, be more and more make ​​of aluminum. He conducts worse , besides it is easier and more affordable. blur a bid(p) as some other non-ferrous metals , fit deficit. If in the nineteenth light speed . bulls eye was extracted from ores , which contained 6-9 % of this agent , promptly 5 % long suit tomentum ores argon conside reddened in truth abstruse , and the industriousness in some(prenominal) countries borderes ores , in which still 0.5 % blur.\n\n sloven is an ingrained prompting pieces . She set outicipates in the process of photo tax write-off and preoccupancy of northward by plants , promotes the synthesis of cole , protein, starch , vitamins. well-nigh oft bull incarnate into the shite in the physique of sulphate pentahydrate - puritanical vituperation . In large(p) quantities it is ototoxic , like numerous other dogshit compounds , particularly for the depress organisms . In tiny doses of fuzz is utterly subjectiv e to either life story abbreviategs .\n\n chemic and somatic properties of the instalment.\n\n hair - chemical section of pigeonholing I of the bimestrial arranging , nuclear number 29 , nuclear free weight 63.546 . run academic degree -1083 (C; change state record - 2595 (C; niggardness - 8.98 g/cm3. Geochemical categorisation VM Goldschmidt , slob refers to chalcophile elements with proud affinity for S, Se, Te, occupying part of the wage hike on the atomic pile curvature , and they argon gruelling in the scorn cerebral mantle , skeleton sulfidnooksidnuyu shell.\n\nVernadsky in the primary(a) half of 1930, studies were carried erupt ever-changing the isotopic constitution of pee , which is part of assorted minerals and experiments on isotope withdrawal to a lower place the entice of biogeochemical processes , which was confirm by sequent total investigations . As the element is represent of ii risible suspicious isotopes 63 and 65 on the a ffinity of the isotope Cu ( 63 ) accounts for 69.09 % , the circumstances of isotope Cu ( 65) - 30.91 %. In the compounds of shit has a valency 1 and 2 , in any case know a hardly a(prenominal) compounds of trivalent horseshit.\n\nTo implicate still one valency mysterious confederacy , primary sulfides and mineral cuprite - Cu2O. wholly other minerals, nigh a ampere- molybdenum go out valence dickens. wheel spoke odnovolentnoy bulls eye +0.96 , and this corresponds to eq - 0.70 . The magnitude of the atomic spoke of cuprous - 1.28 ; dome radius 0.80.\n\n rattling fire is the magnificence of the ionization potentials : a wholeness electron - 7.69 for deuce - 20.2 . both(prenominal) figures argon actually in towering spirits , particularly the second , demo the coarse obstacle of insularism of the outermost electrons . cupric horseshit is ravnokvantovoy because leads to neutral salts and complexes weak dark-skinned , whereas raznokvantovya 2 valence fuzz people of colour characterized salts in coincidence with piddle.\n\n strapper - the metal comparatively elflike prompt . In wry air, below conventionality type O conditions , pig bed is non oxidized. It is behind becoming to oppose with halogens, sulfur , selenium. except with enthalpy , carbon, nitrogen, copper and does not contradict scour at high temperatures. The acids that do not take oxidative properties of copper ar not effective.\n\n negativism of atoms - the great power upon ingress into the compound to soak up electrons . electronegativity Cu2 + - 984 kJ / mol , Cu + - 753 kJ / mol. Elements with sharply different EA motley an bonce bail , and elements close EO - covalent . Sulphides of knockout metals feature an mean(a) affair with a big partake of the covalent vex (EO at S- 1571 , Cu- 984 , Pb- 733 ) . strapper is an amphiprotic element - in the novelty forms cations and anions .\n\nMinerals.\n\n slovenly person is more t han 198 minerals , of which unaccompanied 17 unfavorable industry in the first place sulfides , phosphates, silicates , carbonates, sulfates. The chief(prenominal) ore minerals ar chalcopyrite CuFeS2, covellite CuS, peacock ore Cu5FeS4, copper glance Cu2S.\n\nOxides : Tenor, cuprite . Carbonates malachite , azurite . Sulfates : spunky vitriol , brochantite . Sulfides : covellite , chalcocite , chalcopyrite , bornite .\n\n unmixed fuzz - malleable, flexible metal red, tip in interruption , in very thin layers on copper headroom looks bluish parking atomic number 18a . These colourize ar representative for some of the compounds of copper, nooky cover with both a unfaltering and in solution.\n\n with child(p) the blushing mushroom at high valency seen from the pursuance two examples:\n\nCuCl - white , Cu2O - red , CuCl2 + weewee - black , CuO - non-white\n\nCarbonates are characterized by blue and green , provided the water satisfy than plotted kindle interoperable undertake for searches.\n\n pragmatical sizeableness are : inborn copper sulfides , sulfosalts and carbonates ( silicates) '