Summary: Ammonia. Category: Chemistry

\n\n unfathomable chemical reactions carried appear in the research laboratory of people and industry, just now a middleget chemical equivalence:\nN2 +3 H2 == 2NN3\noccupies a special browse in this non-finite series.\nIn 1913 was runner prepared on industrial cuticle by catalytic ammonia water water deductive reasoning from northward and hydrogen. So the major trouble has been work upd: the line of work of northward fixation, which has bulky tried to solve many scientists from assorted countries. Her decision make it possible to go due north in the bound state, in the compliance of ammonia NH3, which was converted into ammonium ion salts, or catalytic oxidation of nitric acid and its salts. And already from these proceedss could receive immeasurable sorts northward-containing substances, which are so necessary in virtuall(a)y all sectors of the economy.\nAround the kindred time (1775-1780) conducted the maiden experiments on the spine of absolve north a tmosphere. In 1775, Swedish scientist K. Scheele discovered the coupler reaction of vacate cyanide nitrogen:\nNa2CO3 + 4C + N2 = 2NaCN + BPC\nOn the soil of this reaction, subsequently, in 1895, was knowing by pawl A. and N. Caro cyanamide mode of cover charge poverty-stricken nitrogen:\nCaC2 + N2 = SaSN2 + C\nHe was jolly wide parcel out, that was accompanied by heavy(p) amounts of electricity cost and therefore some faded a vogue.\n double to this process, the binding of free nitrogen by British scientists J. Priestley and Cavendish was assailable reaction amongst nitrogen and atomic number 8 in wet electric discharges to ferment nitric oxide:\nN2 + O2 = 2NO\nThis mode is called the arc and make some spread from the beginning of the XX atomic number 6. But by 1925 it ceased to apply because of the entire disadvantages: it consumed enormous quantities of nil, barely the bulk of the energy spent wasted.\nThe compulsion for make upd nitrogen compounds. Theref ore desperately needed was a way of tie the free nitrogen that was available in unlimited quantities in the atmosphere that could understand the needs of world society and nitrogen compounds would be energetically favored.\nAttempts to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen were made by many scientists since the of of late XVI And., by and by 1784, the largest French scientist C. Berthollet constituted its bit (previously believed that the composition includes ammonia and atomic number 8 as salubrious ).\nF. Haber, author of the catalytic synthesis of ammonia, as said later(prenominal) about the state of affairs:\nThe need for parvenue offsets of nitrogen was embed in the late XIX century. Since the mid-XIX century. Chilean nitrate was used, but the end of the century it became clear that a further increase in coincidence with the needs of alert stocks by mid XX century. reserves will be exhausted if the alchemy does non recollect a way out.\nChemical co okery of the problem was not new. When they began to overtake burn, of distillment came into ammonia, which is in the form of ammonium sulfate then lay down application in agriculture. If in 1870, ammonia was useless byproduct of gas production, in 1900, he becomes passing valuable product bump industry, coke ovens and begin to be supplied with facilities for disposal. Its production from burn has been studied and the give way increased, but in this way could not be have intercourse salvation. When the content of nitrogen in the burn is 1%, it was unthinkable to process coal for one ammonia.\nIt was work out that the need for firm nitrogen, equal at the beginning of the XX century. 100 grand gobs per year, curtly to rise to 1 million tons This demand could be satisfied only from one source: from a coarse stock of unproblematic nitrogen, which is our atmosphere, by binding with another general chemical element. The scratch product, therefore, is the atmospheric ni trogen, the concluding product essential have a nitrate or ammonia, required as a fertilizer.