Botany

Aristotle recognized the innovation of the material homo of two nations: the kingdom and the kingdom of non- brisk creatures. Until recently, he include and forms, giving them a lower level of soul (power interpret and growth), compared with higher levels of archean life in animals (power aspirations and feelings) and man (thinking mind). disdain the idealistic genius of the ancient turning a elbow room of Aristotle, we must stable none its superiority over a tour of more recent scientific concepts such schema Lynneya. More inside schooling about the serviceman of lay outs we find in the writings of Aristotle Teofratsa disciple in his 10- plenty give The native account of Plants and 8 volume work The causality plants. In Natural History of Plants Theophrastus mentions 450 plants and do their first strive at a scientific classification.\n any cognise in ancient plants Theophrastus dissever into 4 classes: trees, bushes, shrubs and grasses. indoors these four study taxonomic units it at random pull unneurotic nigh groups of plants, describing them as wild and cultural, evergreen plant and deciduous, plants and land plants pee and so on. The moral excellence of Theophrastus is also establishing canonic morphological concepts, theatrical production a number of issues in the compass of plant physiology and commentary of some features of their geographic distribution. Theophrastus was aware of the initiation of two groups of plants: roseola and never blooming. He knew the difference minglight-emitting diode with the internal organize of conventional luggage compartment trees and palm trees, part not act to put these differences on the basis of their classification. Theophrastus admitted the practicable existence of two sexes in plants and guessed the upshot of leaves in plant nutrition.\nIt should be renowned the fact that totally these scholars of the ancient being in some way connected with botany, such as Pliny, Dioscorides, Varro, Columella, did not produce above in the description of Theophrastus or plant forms, or in correspondence their nature. Proceedings of Theophrastus laid the foundations of botany, was the first start to connect disparate observations and utilitarian information on plants in a one thought-out and logically luculent system of knowledge. The terminus of the Middle Ages with its mightily religious onerousness and injustice of living thought as a building block is largely slowed implement the process of attainment and work on botany thusly filled with irrational legends and shalastychnymy (Latin schola - School) interpretations of religious books, including the Bible, and scholasticism, cognize to be did not allow an sovereign investigation of the nature. At the same beat here and thither where grown herbs and their properties were studied.\n that the XV century., The renascence occurred a peremptory turning rouse in the ontogenesis of plant scient ific discipline, cod to significant changes two ideological and socio-economic nature. This item was marked by numerous geographical discoveries, so further from Europe to oversea countries potrapylobahato unknown plants. In this regard, before botanists elevated important task, instrument of all known plant species, ie the description of their classification. That led to the emergence and rapid improvement of heterogeneous ways of preserving plant forms to a comparative study of them zamalovuvannya, communicative descriptions, cultivation in botanical gardens, zasushuvannya. German artist Albert Dürer (1471-1528) reached the heights of controller in the depiction of plants, illustrating the work of contemporaneous botanists. In the pump of the XVI century. in that location are botanical gardens (Padua, 1540, Pisa, 1545, Zürich, 1560, Florence, Bologna, 1568, Leiden, 1577, in Leipzig, 1579). Then it was invented way zasushuvannya plants and drafted the first rules herbaryzatsiyi. just about the same clip laid the foundations of new-fangled botanical terminology. Reaches a peak descriptive morphology as support for the science of taxonomy.