Immunosurveillance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Immunosurveillance - Essay ExampleThere is a third element in the research for investigating interactions between the immune system and neoplasia. This is that neoplasia deliberately fail certain defence chemical mechanisms against the incumbent system in such a manner that they successfully evade punitive action (Chernock et al, Undated). This papers purpose is to investigate what these equivocal strategies may be and how they assist neoplasia to evade immune reaction.In the 1950s Lewis Thomas and Sir MacFarlane Burnet postulated the theory positing that effector cells of the immune system constantly patrol the consistence to actively identify and eradicate incipient tumour cells (Ichim, 2005). In the 1970, attendant research found that T-cells may be implicated in this defensive mechanism (Ichim, 2005). This theory fell out of favour in the 1980s as research studies noted certain discrepancies in it but, in the 1990s, it was again revived because subsequent research studies no ted that it was partially viable (Bhardwaj, 2007). It is observed that both the innate immune system - phagocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, cytokines, proteins, etc. - and the adaptive immune system - B- and T-cells, etc. - do fight neoplasia but, ultimately, it is observed for most spontaneous tumours that the overall immune system fails to entirely rid the organism of the cancerous cells. This is so as per three acknowledge phases to the immune response - 1) the elimination phase during which nascent tumourous cells argon eliminated by the immune system 2) the equilibrium phase when the tumour cells persist but are held in abeyance by the immune system and 3) the escape phase when the tumour cells develop strategies to combat the immune system (Bhardwaj, 2007). This is the whole concept of immunoediting and the in the end phase - the escape phase - is the one the paper is interested in because it is the one in which the neoplasia develop successful strategies in evading immune react ion. Evasive StrategiesThe evasive strategies adopted by neoplasia may be pre-existing or adaptive. Since such develop from healthy normal cells, some of the progenitor cells evasive strategies pre-exist in them (Chernock et al, Undated). preexistent Strategies Normal cells are incorporated by certain mechanisms that assist them in evading the bodys own immune reactions. Such mechanisms may be self-tolerance, shielding from proper surveillance, antigen shedding, lymph cell killing, secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, lack of MHC2 expression, lack of co-stimulatory molecules and local secretion of prostaglandins and neuropeptides. These strategies are often sustained in neoplasm (Chernock et al, Undated). They ultimately, to a large extent, help the mutant cells maintain themselves with impunity in the organisms body. Adaptive Strategies Nevertheless, such mutant cells are altered and have certain distinct proteins that differ from normal cells and these may be appreciate by the immune system. To evade this eventuality such cells develop strategies that are not inherited from normal cells but are variants developed customarily by the mutant cells themselves as per requirements. Such adapted strategies may be up-regulation of the evasive tactics of healthy cells still existing in the mutants,

Difference among Brick and Mortar Businesses Assignment - 10

Difference among Brick and Mortar Businesses - Assignment ExampleWeb stores refer to a form of electronic contrast whereby clients directly buy products from a seller over the Internet with no an intermediary service (Recklies 57). Web stores are in like manner referred to as online shops. An online shop excludes the forcible equivalence of buying goods or services at shopping centers or bricks-and-mortar retailers. The process is referred to as a business-to-consumer (B2C) Internet shopping. When a telephoner buys from an opposite company it is referred to as B2B online shopping. B2B stands for business-to-business. The largest online retailing businesses are Amazon.com as well as eBay. They are both based in the United States.A catalog business is also another form of retailing. The business trades in a astray variety of personal products as well as household. Most catalog businesses emphasize on jewelry. Unlike a self-serve retail shop, a majority of the items in the catalog shop are not displayed. Clients pick the products from written catalogs in the shop and learn out an order paper. The order is taken to the sales desk, where a clerk fetches the items from the warehouse to a payment and checkout desk. The catalog business has lower prices than other traders plus lower expenses because of the smaller size of the store (Recklies 60).A restaurants value chain should incorporate producers, aggregators, processors, distributors, wholesale buyers, farmers markets, consumers plus a wide variety of essential supporters (Recklies 156). Casa Nueva, a restaurant in Athens, had been purchasing local plus practicing season expansion on its own for many years. The restaurant has, however, in the recent days, been applying the value chains elements, and its sells have boosted up.

Banking law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Banking law - Essay ExampleThus Alice clearly intended to rely on Beatrices expertise as a financial advisor. In a typical case, where a fiducial relationship is created such as the one between Alice and Beatrice, the fiduciarys (Beatrice) discretion to get laid the funds is limited by contract.2 The terms of the contract are not revealed by the facts of the case for discussion. The only know term is stated in loose terms to material body an investment portfolio. Regardless, fiduciary duties are typically provided for in standard contract forms. These duties usually include the no conflict rule, a vocation of loyalty, the rule against personal profits and confidentiality rules.3 Despite the fact that the fiduciary duties are typically detailed in the standard form of contract, the fiduciary remains butt by the principle fiduciary duty of good faith.4 Frase advises however, that financial institutions such as banks are not typically regarded as fiduciaries in the ordinary melod y of their duties. In such a case, the relationship between the banker and the client is regulated by contract, leaving the client limited to remedies for negligence or breach of contract.5 However, financial advisors like all other members of the banking and investment market can be held to a fiduciary duty which operates outside of the contract with the client. According to Frase, in this regard, the fiduciary duty is fact-based.6 In other words, whether or not Beatrice, as a financial advisor is a fiduciary entrust turn on the particular(prenominal) facts of the case. As original Upjohn stated, it is necessary to evaluate all of the facts and circumstances to ascertain whether or not the agent in question is a fiduciary.7 Lord Upjohn went on to state that The relationship must then be examined to see what duties are on that pointby imposed on the agent to see what is the scope and ambit of the duties.8 Lord Wilberforce also stated that the exact nature of the fiduciarys dutie s must be moulded according to the nature of the relationship.9 Frase explains that where a bank provides the ordinary work of receiving deposits or extending loans, it would not typically have a fiduciary relationship with its clients. However, the moment the bank goes beyond those contracted services, a fiduciary relationship will most often arise. For example in the event the bank or one of its agents, uses confidential information for its own use, a fiduciary duty arises.10 A fiduciary duty will also arise where the bank has a conflict of interest.11 It can be argued that Beatrice made personal use of confidential information connected to Alices account. Beatrice knew the details of Alices account and while she did not pass their information on to others, she used that information to access Alices account. Moreover, there is no doubt that a conflict of interest arose since Beatrice was concerned about her own financial difficulties and desires and put those ahead of her clients interest to build an investment portfolio. The definition of a fiduciary as provided by Asquith LJ clearly captures the essence of Beatrices relationship with Alice. As Asquith LJ stated, a fiduciary duty

Discussion 6 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Discussion 6 - Research Paper ExampleThe reasons for this gendered rage range from many f comportors, from psychological to economical reasons, and I will attempt to elaborate more on these triggers of violence and also offer solutions marital cooperators open fire take to put an end to domestic partner violence.Firestone claims that there are two very important psychological factors that influence why domestic partner violence occurs a destructive thought process, and what is called a fantasy bond, (Firestone, n.p). The destructive thought process that Firestone manpowertions refers to the case where the abuser has this thought in his head that he/she must abuse their partner the abuser keeps imagining negative things that he/she assumes that their partner is thinking of them, for instance, She/he is controlling you. Dont let her/him act like you are weak, (Firestone, n.p). In my opinion, men are more likely to act upon this inner voice than are women, because there are external pressures from society on men to act a certain way men today are still expected to be strong and dominant and powerful, and when imagine that their wives are acting in a way that makes them look unmanly, they lash out at their wives on the whims of this inner voice, (Firestone, n.p). Also, the fantasy bond that Firestone mentions, refers to the belief a person has that he/she is nevertheless complete with their partner this belief also supports the idea that one person in the relationship has power over the other (Firestone, n.p). For me, I believe men like to imagine that they are in control in this fantasy bond, since patriarchal values extol them to be more powerful than women this entitles men to physically abuse their partners.Panda and Agarwal offer an economic reason for why men are more likely to physically abuse their female partners for him, womens economic dependency on men sets the scene for them being physically abused, (Panda & Agarwal, page 824). He claims for exam ple that when a woman has her own house, the

Ebola virus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ebola virus - Essay ExampleAdditionally, possible treatment methods and the structure of the virus will be discussed. The official lift for Ebola is simply the Ebola virus. It is a viral type of infection and causes a disease called Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF). There are four, possibly five, identified strains of the virus and all(prenominal) one affects a sufferer differently (Williams, 1999). The virus originated in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sudan, and is named later the Ebola River Valley in the Congo (Williams, 1999). In 1976, the root recognized bulge outbreak occured at a missionary hospital run by Flemish nuns. There were two strains of the virus that were documented at that metre Ebola-Sudan and Ebola-Zaire (EBOZ). These two strains had extremely high infection range along with high mortality rates (53 percent and 88 percent respectively). At that time, the numbers of infect people only ranged in the hundreds, and as such, was not so well-known yet in th e international community. It was not until 1989 that the disease became public knowledge after infected monkeys were imported from the Philippines into Reston, Virginia. This was the third strain of Ebola recognized and it was called Ebola-Reston (EBOR). These were the first cases of Ebola in the United States. Only a small number were infected, and fortunately, none of them ever unquestionable Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF). ... The virus was named this after an outbreak of Ebola in Bundibugyo District, Uganda. The good news is that this strain of the virus was only short-lived. A couple of months after the discovery, it was confirm by the Uganda Ministry of Health that the epidemic was over. There were only roughly a hundred cases of this strain of the virus, and of those infected, very few actually died from the disease compared to previous strains (39 deaths out of 116 cases 34% mortality rate). The Ebola virus is typically transmitted by humans having close contact with a hos t, usually an infected animal (Williams, 1999). After this, the virus can be transmitted to others who come into contact with bodily fluids from the original infected person. Another way that it is transmitted between humans is through reused needles. more experts believe that the chances of a new epidemic outbreak are low because initial infections usually occur in less populated areas. Additionally, because of the high rates of fatalities, Ebola sufferers demise rapidly, thus preventing a wide number of people coming into contact with the affected Ebola sufferer. Originally, the Ebola virus was though to be transmitted from animals to humans. Scientists have a theory of how the virus goes through the transmission stage. It is thought that bats drop uneaten fruit, which animals such as gorillas and monkeys then go on to consume. This is an indirect way of transmission, scratch out with the natural host, and then progressing to the animal population. It is very rare that a human c atches the virus from the natural host or reservoirs (Williams, 1999). Specific outbreaks of Ebola can typically be linked to a simple case of a human touching a

Florida Shrimp Industry Analysis Essay Example for Free

Florida Shrimp Industry Analysis EssayWhat if it were logical and profitable to merge two of the fastest growing peewit industries in the United States at present? That is exactly the idea behind berate shrimp production, the latest development in the combined evolution of the valuable prevail scold shrimp industry and the continual growth arena of aquaculture. Farm-raised muster up shrimp is a very appropriate combination of the two businesses both have a historic development in Florida for everywhere forty years.Florida has been proclaimed the Fishing Capital of the World with its 1,197 statute miles of coastline hosting 3. 4 million anglers annually. The statistics regarding the amateur fishing industry in Florida are astounding. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) constitutionsThe economic value of recreational fishing to Florida is $7.0 billion and supports 75,000 jobs. Recreational fishing is the second largest sports industry in Florida wit h over 700 world-record fish caught. dwell bait shrimp is the nucleus around which evolves Floridas saltwater sport and recreational fishing. It is the favourred bait for fishing near prop species such as snook, sea trout, redfish, snapper, cobia and mackerel. The business of catching and supplying go by means of bait shrimp began with a fewer individuals supplying themselves, and a few bait shops in the 1950s to becoming a multi-million dollar industry with exports throughout the in the southeast United States. This growth is a testimony to the pre-eminence of shrimp as the most popular make up bait among saltwater anglers in Southeast United States.The message is clear the recreational/sport fishing industry and live bait shrimp are well realized in Florida. And their popularity is growing amongst the14 million people (75% living inwardly 10 miles of the coast) and the 40 million tourists who scrutinize each year.Commercial fishermen present-day(prenominal)ly supplyi ng 100% of the bait shrimp trade arrives regulatory restrictions, seasonal declines in ridiculous stocks, and unreliable labor cause unpredictable shortages and as such are unable to meet the plus in the market demands. The FWC and Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer service reports As the tourist and recreational fishing industry continues to increase in Florida so get out the bait shrimp business. Fishermen love to use live bait shrimp and retailers are unceasingly running out of bait before they run out of customers. The retailer wants consistent deliveries of bait shrimp in numbers that ordain keep the customers locomote through the door of their shop Although the fishing effort has increased 50% over the past ten years, the live bait harvesters cannot meet the market demands.This increase in demand without an increase in supplies has resulted in an extremely towering dollar value of live bait. This increase in demand, low supply and high dollar value has at tracted the attention of shrimp producers.Now for the other half of the combination shrimp aquaculture. As the demand for live bait shrimp has expand without an increase in supplies, the inevitable has begun to take place culturing Floridas endemic penaeids for bait sizing shrimp development hatchery and production technologies developed for other economically important penaeids.Wholesale distributors cannot get adequate supply of bait shrimp certain times retailers are forced to accept inaccurate counts and variable sizes of wild bait, which they will loose almost 30% in mortalities during the course of the day. Retailers cannot consistently provide the customer with the desired size and often sell mixes. Fishermen are reliant on the seasonal migration, molting periods and life cycles of the natural population as such they cannot guarantee quality or volume.Shrimp spawn in April/ may releasing eggs that move with the tides and currents into estuaries, where they spend their post larval and juvenile stages before migrating back to deeper waters. take in size shrimp are virtually impossible to harvest in June, July, and August due to this natural life cycle and are in short supply September through December. It is the winter months January through April that suppliers, wholesalers and retailers can experience marketable size bait shrimp. However, even during this time period, harvesting of small animals causes immediate stress and holding them in live haul tanks for long duration deliveries results in high mortalities.Enter the growth industry, Aquaculture, dedicated to providing consumers what they need healthy, quality seafood and aquatic products at market prices. The inability of the fishermen to provide year round live bait shrimp, there is a significant gap supplies. From this lack of product will grow the combination of live bait shrimp and aquaculture Live Bait, Inc.Live Bait, Inc. will produce bait shrimp is at high densities in enclosed faciliti es equipped with multi-phase, recirculating systems. Bait size shrimp will be well-mannered to three variable sizes, (8,10, and 12 grams) to provide the retailer with desired mixes. Bait shrimp production facilities, unlike shrimp boats, can be located through out Florida in high value areas that support a large volume of recreational fishing and tourism. Live Bait, Inc. will focus on providing vivacious market channels with high quality bait at market prices, in a consistent and reliable manner through out the year.The introductory bait shrimp production facility is said to have been an offshoot of a Texas AM project growing production systems for Gulf of Mexico endemic shrimp. The species of extract for this area are brown shrimp (F. aztecus) and it is believed that the company, although small scale, Lone Star Fishery, is experiencing continued success. There is a tremendous interest amongst fishermen and wholesale dealers in developing culture systems for bait shrimp. Howeve r, once they realize the capital investment and risk involved, they perish interested in buying from Live Bait, Inc.The market for live bait shrimp is continuing to grow, especially during the summer when local residents and tourists target inshore species. This year-round demand, unreliable supplies and high dollar value ensures a continued market for this commodity.Industry ParticipantsThere are several groups of industry participants, which must come together in order for Live Bait, Inc. to function well.1.Wholesale Dealers. Everything begins and ends with this customer. Wholesale distributors have established marketing channels and will be buying directly from the production centers. Each production center must first identify the base of the wholesaler from which the high volume, high value business will be drawn. Their attitudes, needs and abilities must be the genesis of each decision in designing the size and location of production facilities.2.The Nuclear Breeding Center. F or long-term sustainable production and the Florida Department of Aquacultures support and sanctions it is imperative that a breeding program for F. duorarum be established from the beginning. Experience has proven the necessity of SPF stocks in minimizing the incidents of diseases and animal stress from high density, mass production.3.. For Live Bait, Inc to produce, cost-effective, quality bait shrimp it needs great(p) seedstock. Large numbers of seedstock at affordable prices will needed, on a weekly basis in order to maintain the sequential stocking required by multi-phase systems.4.Management/Production Team. This is the triangulation point where it all comes together. The team must identify the best locations design the most cost effective facilities and production systems, produce shrimp using state-of-the-science technologies to provide high quality bait shrimp available for daily pickup.Who are the individuals or groups that are likely customers of get raised live bait sh rimp? Fortunately, there are some marketing surveys that have been conducted Florida state agencies, the US Department of Commerce and Mariculture, Inc. that can provide some answers even in this new concept. The target market for Live Bait, Inc. is the wholesale dealer/distributor, who currently is supplied 100% by the bait shrimp fishery.Currently, wholesale dealers either buy dockside from shrimpers and/or they use their own boats. As such they are located within close proximities of bait shrimping boats and not necessarily in the high value tourist areas. Each GLBs locations will develop its facility, production numbers, sizes and services around the target audience wholesalers. GLB will target several distinct groups1.Wholesalers, which fit the prefatorial demographic characteristics of supplying retailers from great distances. These will be wholesalers who either buy dockside from shrimpers and/or they use their own boats. As such they are located within close proximities of bait shrimping boats, which are in five major regions Hernando (Citrus, Hernando, Pasco, hurtllas and Manatee) with 47% of total bait shrimp landings fade Island (Lee County) with 33% of total bait shrimp landings, Biscayne Bay (Dade and Monroe Counties) with 18% of total bait shrimp landings and Jacksonville (Fernandina Beach) with 2% total bait shrimp landings. Wholesalers will truck live bait shrimp 220 miles from Homosassa to Naples or from Miami, which is 107 miles. Wholesalers from these regions supplying the North-Central East Coast, the Keys and Panhandle will be targeted.2.Wholesalers who supply retailers dealing in large volumes. For example marinas that sell 275,000 three hundred,000 or more bait per day during the winter months and 65,000 80,000 per day during the summer months. Volume in these areas severely restricted due short supplies and distance from suppliers. Retailers claim they could sell up to 300% more, if the supply were available. Wholesalers supplying large marinas, high-end fishing piers located in metropolitan areas, and retail bait/tackle stores that promote popular sport fishing tournaments will be targeted.3.Wholesalers who supply high dollar bait to retailers located in areas support high value recreational/sport fishing and tourism. Wholesale prices for live bait vary considerably with location. For example prices in Pine Island will run $30/1,000 shrimp while in Marco Island and Naples, which is just south of Pine Island, will have prices up to $70/1,000. Wholesalers who supply retailers who are willing to pay the higher market price will be targeted.4. Wholesalers who are undefendable of farm-raised bait and will promote the product among retailers. Currently, an overwhelming majority of retailers accept the idea of farm-raised bait. Most are willing to pay between 50-100% above current prices for farm raised bait as long as the supply is consistent and reliable. Wholesalers who are willing to promote our product, pay premium prices for premium farm raised bait shrimp will be targeted.5.Wholesalers who are either currently exporting to neighboring states, or who would like to export to other states. Florida Bait shrimp wholesalers export live bait nine months out of the year to different neighboring states. Currently they supply 60% of the Alabama Market, 20% of the South Carolina and 50% of the Georgia market. Wholesalers exporting to other states will be targeted.6.Bait Brokers dealing in arctic bait are currently importing small frozen shrimp that are severely damaged from outside the United States. The shrimp exotic species, which may or may not be infected with viral diseases. These brokers currently cannot meet the needs of their large contracts such as those with Wal-Mart and Publix. Process them, as most of the brokers also have processing plants.7.Wholesalers who are supplying retailers whose customers would prefer farm raised bait over wild bait for ecological and environmental reasons .These six primary target groups provide fertile ground for GLB to become a profitable operation within the first year of production. In fact, GLB will become the top producer of farm-raised bait for Florida and the entire southeast coastal corridors.Live Bait, Inc. production centers will be established in key locations through out Florida. The marinas, retail bait shops, bait and tackle shops within a thirty-mile radius will match the demographic target profile high volume, high market price, pro-farm raised bait, easy assess to interstate highways and are creation supplied by wholesalers from great distances.A marketing survey conducted by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Bureau of Seafood and Aquaculture Marketing has documented annual landings (harvests), volumes of bait sell by retailers, wholesale/retail prices, peak seasonal demands and months of supply shortages.Major harvesting areas are divided Hernando Regions (Citrus, Hernando, Pasco, Pinel las and Manatee) with 47% of total bait shrimp landings Pine Island (Lee County) with 33% of total bait shrimp landings, Biscayne Bay (Dade and Monroe Counties) with 18% of total bait shrimp landings and Jacksonville (Fernandina Beach) with 2% total bait shrimp landings.Annual Landings report to Floridas Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission by licensed bait shrimpers in 2000 was 2.46 million pounds (246 million bait size shrimp using a 100/1b count). This is 50% above the reported landings for 1991 of 1.23 million pounds 123 million bait size shrimp using a 100/lb count). Fishery managers feel the harvest numbers are under-reported on trip tickets. And since live bait shrimp is a cash industry sales are not accurately reported. Also not all shrimp caught as live bait is sold as live bait, there are high mortality pass judgment associated with harvesting, holding and transporting. Larger shrimp will often be culled and sold as food. It is likely that the farm production needed to supply current markets will have to be 50% above reported landings to approximately 3.69 million pounds (369 million bait size shrimp using a 100/lb count).

Ethics in Intelligence Essay Example for Free

Ethics in newsworthiness EssayOn a clear, late summer day in kinfolk of 2001, the hectic yet peaceful lower portion of Manhattan, New York City was sour into the site of one of the largest mass murders in world history when terrorist attacks turned the once imposing World Trade Center complex to a smoking pile of debris and left thousands of Americans dead, physic totallyy and psychologically scarred for life. In the aftermath of this act of aggression, the United States, with the cooperation of allies around the world, launched newsworthiness collection efforts on a scale that had never before been seen. Some nations would be adapted to do so as they wished without regard for the privacy or rights of their people, but for a nation conceived in liberty and human rights as the US was, come ins of morals and the preservation of individual rights had to be balanced against the dire need to protect the masses from further violence. This research provide focus on the ethics of wisdom collection in the US, Constitutional implications of these efforts for American citizens, and the consideration of how overmuch liberty US citizens should be willing to sacrifice for the greater good.Ethics of Intel Collections, Means and Methods Intelligence reaching has always been an essential part of the preservation of American security, dating back to the days of the American colonies and beyond. In the late 1990s, for all of the violence create from raw stuff in other nations and the potential for domestic terrorism in the US, the newsworthiness gathering efforts of American officials consisted mostly of the analysis of data from the comfort of offices located in the US and some offices scattered across the globe.However, these efforts were initially proven to be weak by international terrorist acts against American military installations in other nations, and the maestro emergence of Osama Bin Laden as an international terrorist to be closely monitored. With su ch formidable enemies to consider, it became obvious that the old ways of gathering intelligence were earnestly in need of change, including the introduction of more field intelligence agents, enhancements to technology, better networking with other nations, and many another(prenominal) clandestine activities.With the need to increase and improve all levels of intelligence gathering in the US, the question arises as to how far a nation like the US, which stands as a beacon of righteousness and safety in the world, will be willing to go to gain the level of security that is needed to protect American citizens at home and abroad? The child of this need emerged, know as the Department of Homeland Security, an organization which put on a public front of protection of the US in a manner that is illustrative of ethical behavior and forceful yet proper action.With the introduction of the Department, the public gained a higher level of confidence in the protection they would be receiving . However, many of the methods that were necessary, at least behind the scenes, were of the nature that the general public would frown upon at the very least, and rise up in heated protest against at worst if it were known the full extent of what the Department was forced to resort to in the interest of intelligence gathering.Among the steps that were taken, such actions as the monitoring of prognosticate and Internet communications, the detention of suspected terrorists and the like began to raise the issue of the appropriateness of such activities in line with the promises and obligations of the US Constitution. Constitutional Implications of United States Intel Collection on United States CitizensThe war against terrorism is unlike any other war that the US has seen fighting an enemy that does not wear a recognizable provide or hails from any specific geographic location poses quite a challenge and makes the application of conventional warf are tactics all but impossible. Ther efore, as with those conventional warfare methods, it is necessary for certain drastic measures to be taken.However, it is important to understand that there are Constitutional implications for such actions, especially in the areas of intelligence collection which require frequent intrusions into the privacy that Americans hold so dear and have fought and died to protect for hundreds of years. First, there are misconceptions about the Constitution that are necessary to point out.Specifically, there is a thin line between the investigation of fell activity and suspected threats to national security, which of course are in and of themselves criminal but take on an added dimension when one realizes that the safety and future of the nation hangs in the balance. In the interest of national security, it is permissible for the surveillance of Americans, domestically and abroad without the obtaining of search warrants, which are usually the standard procedure when an American is being inve stigated as a possible criminal, under any ordinary circumstances.In this instance, permissible and acceptable are two entirely different things. While authorities may be allowed to basically spy on their fellow citizens so that the nation is protected, where does this leave those who are the target of the surveillance? The argument can fairly be made that if one is not doing anything wrong, if they are being monitored, they very have nothing with which to be concerned. Further, if that surveillance yields information on other wrongdoers who are in fact a threat to America, the net result makes all of it worthwhile.The issue of habeas corpus also is a key element in the consideration of the rights the accused. In the past, this legal remedy, in place since the days of the Magna Carta, existed to protect the rights of the accused. constitutionally spe likeg, it had been established in the early 1940s that habeas corpus would stand if (1) the conviction is void for lack o f personal or subject outlet jurisdiction (2) the statute defining the offense is unconstitutional, or the conviction was obtained in violation of a federal constitutional right(3) the statute authorizing the sentence is unconstitutional, or the sentence was obtained in violation of a federal constitutional right (4) the sentence is contrary to the applicable statute, in excess of the statutory maximum, or differently unauthorized by law or (5) the conviction or the sentence is otherwise deemed subject to collateral attack. In times of crisis, this right has been suspended in the interest of national security, and has been suspended in the age of terrorism due to the need to make terrorists who are evading capture by authorities accountable in courts of law for their crimes.This, also, however is one of those fine points of law that draw criticism and scrutiny in many cases because anytime a right is suspended, innocent people are affected and their rights are often sacrificed, albeit for t he sake of the common good. A closer look at the underpinnings of the Constitution itself reveals some interesting powers that many do not realize exist. For example, the Constitution does in fact give sex act the right to make laws as necessary to allow the Constitution to function as it was intended.This right, however, is akin to a broad stroke of a paintbrush, when the finer details of the stroke are really where the beauty lies. In other words, on the surface, it is true that Congress possesses such power, but this is also a power that is open to interpretation and debate. Where one draws the line between permissible monitoring and the trampling of the rights of the majority is an issue with which the American people are currently wrestling and undoubtedly will continue to do so for many years to come.With this in mind, there sure enough must be a balance to be obtained between sacrificing for the common good and giving up everything that Americans are constitutionally guaran teed. How Much Liberty Should US Citizens Give Up Under the Notion of National Security? It has been said that liberty is something which can be gained all at once, but often is stripped away one small piece at a time, like the gradual erosion of a mighty mountain. If this is true, the question of how many small pieces the citizens of the US can give away before a landslide consumes them?After the horrible events of September 11, 2001, it became readily apparent that there was a need for American governmental agencies to gather additional power if they were to properly mount an offensive against terrorism and to avert a repeat of the horrible events of that tragic day. This need to gather additional power was viewed by many as a feeble excuse for those within the government who craved power to grab as much as they wished, regardless of the inevitable fallout.Still others saw the sacrifice of a small amount of liberty as the necessary toll that needed to be paid for a much larger am ount of overall protection and the long-term survival of the US while others around the world plotted to put down the most powerful nation on earth. Again, however, as was mentioned at the beginning of this passage, small surrenders can sometimes lead to large damage over a period of time.